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Calcium carbonate is added to separate solutions of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid of the same concentration. State one similarity and one difference in the observations you could make.
(i) Write an equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate.
(ii) Determine the volume of 1.50 mol/dm–3 hydrochloric acid that would react with exactly 1.25 g of calcium carbonate.
(iii) Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide, measured at 273 K and 1.01×105 Pa, which would be produced when 1.25 g of calcium carbonate reacts completely with the hydrochloric acid.

Respuesta :

Explanation:

Similarity - In both the solutions, there will be bubbling and brisk effervescence due to the evolution of carbon dioxide gas.

Difference - Since, HCl is a strong acid than ethanoic acid, it will react more rigorously and rapidly with calcium carbonate.

(i) The equation for reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate is shown below:

[tex]2HCl_{(aq)}+CaCO_3_{(s)}\rightarrow CaCl_2_{(aq)}+CO_2_{(g)}+H_2O_{(l)}[/tex]

(ii)

Given, Mass of calcium carbonate = 1.25 g

Molar mass of calcium carbonate = 100.0869 g/mol

The formula for the calculation of moles is shown below:

[tex]moles = \frac{Mass\ taken}{Molar\ mass}[/tex]

Thus,

[tex]Moles= \frac{1.25\ g}{100.0869\ g/mol}[/tex]

[tex]Moles\ of\ calcium\ carbonate= 0.01249\ mol[/tex]

According to the given reaction:

[tex]2HCl_{(aq)}+CaCO_3_{(s)}\rightarrow CaCl_2_{(aq)}+CO_2_{(g)}+H_2O_{(l)}[/tex]

1 mole of calcium carbonate react with 2 moles of HCl.

0.01249 mole of calcium carbonate react with 2 × 0.01249 moles of HCl.

Moles of HCl = 0.02498 moles

Also, considering:

[tex]Molarity=\frac{Moles\ of\ solute}{Volume\ of\ the\ solution}[/tex]

Molarity = 1.50 mol/dm³

So,  

[tex]1.50=\frac{0.02498}{Volume\ of\ the\ solution(L)}[/tex]

Volume = 0.016653 dm³

1 dm³ = 1 L

Also, 1 L = 1000 mL

So, volume = 16.7 mL

(iii)

1 mole of calcium carbonate forms 1 mole of carbon dioxide

0.01249 mole of calcium carbonate forms 0.01249 mole of carbon dioxide

Given that:

Temperature = 273 K

n = 0.01249 mol

P = 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa

Also, 1 Pa = 1 / 101325  atm

So, P = 1.01 × 10⁵ / 101325  atm = 0.9968 atm

Using ideal gas equation as:

PV=nRT

where,  

P is the pressure

V is the volume

n is the number of moles

T is the temperature  

R is Gas constant having value = 0.0821 L atm/ K mol  

Applying the equation as:

0.9968 × V = 0.01249 × 0.0821 L atm/ K mol × 273 K  

⇒V = 0.2808 L

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The volume of carbon dioxide produced is 0.28 L.

What is a reaction?

The term reaction involves the conversion on one chemical specie into another. The equation of the reaction between Calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid  is 2HCl + CaCO3 ---->CaCl2 + H2O +CO2 while the equation of the reaction between ethanoic acid and CaCO3  is 2CH3COOH + CaCO3  ------> Ca(CH3COO)2 + H2O + CO2.

In both reaction equations, we can see that water and carbon dioxide is  formed however, the evolution of carbon dioxide is quicker in the reaction with HCl than in the reaction with ethanoic acid.

number of moles ion 1.25 g of carbonate = 1.25g/100 g/mol = 0.0125 moles

2 moles of HCl reacts with 1 mole of calcium carbonate

x moles of HCl will react with 0.0125 moles of calcium carbonate

x = 2 * 0.0125 moles/1 = 0.025 moles

number of moles = concentration * volume

volume = number of moles/concentration

volume = 0.025 moles/1.50 mol/dm–3  = 0.0167 L  or 16.7 mL

From the reaction equation;

1 mole of carboante produces 1 mole of CO2

0.0125 moles produces  0.0125 moles of CO2

Where;

P = 1.01×10^5 Pa or 1 atm

V = ?

T = 273 K

R = 0.082 atmLK-1mol-1

n = 0.0125 moles

PV = nRT

V = nRT/P

V = 0.0125 moles *  0.082 atmLK-1mol-1 * 273 K/1 atm

V = 0.28 L

Learn more about calcium carbonate: https://brainly.com/question/13690710?

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