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Altitude sickness, also called mountain sickness, is a group of general symptoms that are brought on by climbing or walking to a higher and higher altitude (elevation) too quickly. It happens because the body doesn’t have enough time to adapt to the lower air pressure and lower oxygen level in the air at high altitudes. This article reviews symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of altitude sickness.
Two reasons:
First, if the atmospheric pressure is low enough the lungs won't be able to produce adequate suction to inhale enough air to survive.
Second, oxygen is dense, gases like nitrogen will be in higher concentration than normal due to boyancy, reducing the amount of oxygen per breath.
If you look at the physiology of people who live on mountains, they tend to have stronger lungs and /or are capable on function with less oxygen.
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