Turner, a billing executive, goes directly above his immediate boss, Ally, to Charlie for permission to take his lunch break 30 minutes earlier. Charlie, believing the request is reasonable, approves it, only to find out later that the other two people in Turner's department had also rescheduled their lunch breaks. Thus, the department would be totally vacant from 12:30 to 1 o'clock. Ally, the bypassed manager, would have known about the other rescheduled lunch breaks. This situation best describes ____ (A) the problem with circumcenting the scalar principle. (B) the exception principle. (C) the acceptance theory. (D) the problem with delegation of authority. (E) centralization in an organization.