Respuesta :
Answer: The theoretical yield of acetanilide is 6.5 grams.
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] .....(1)
- For aniline:
Given mass of aniline = [tex]4.50\times 10^0=4.50g[/tex] (We know that: [tex]10^0=1[/tex] )
Molar mass of aniline = 93.13 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of aniline}=\frac{4.50g}{93.13g/mol}=0.048mol[/tex]
- For acetic anhydride:
To calculate the mass of acetic anhydride, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Density of substance}=\frac{\text{Mass of substance}}{\text{Volume of substance}}[/tex]
Volume of acetic anhydride = [tex](1.25\times \text{Mass of aniline})=1.25\times 4.50=5.625mL[/tex]
Density of acetic anhydride = 1.08 g/mL
Putting values in above equation:
[tex]1.08g/mL=\frac{\text{Mass of acetic anhydride}}{5.625mL}\\\\\text{Mass of acetic anhydride}=(1.08g/mL\times 5.625mL)=6.08g[/tex]
Given mass of acetic anhydride = 6.08 g
Molar mass of acetic anhydride = 102.1 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of acetic anhydride}=\frac{6.08g}{102.1g/mol}=0.06mol[/tex]
The chemical equation for the reaction of aniline and acetic anhydride follows:
[tex]C_6H_5NH_2+CH_3COOCOCH_3\rightarrow C_6H_5NHCOCH_3+CH_3COOH[/tex]
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
1 mole of aniline reacts with 1 mole of acetic anhydride
So, 0.048 moles of aniline will react with = [tex]\frac{1}{1}\times 0.048=0.048mol[/tex] of acetic anhydride
As, given amount of acetic anhydride is more than the required amount. So, it is considered as an excess reagent.
Thus, aniline is considered as a limiting reagent because it limits the formation of product.
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
1 mole of aniline produces 1 mole of acetanilide
So, 0.048 moles of aniline will produce = [tex]\frac{1}{1}\times 0.048=0.048mol[/tex] of acetanilide
Now, calculating the theoretical yield of acetanilide by using equation 1:
Moles of acetanilide = 0.048 moles
Molar mass of acetanilide = 135.17 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]0.048mol=\frac{\text{Mass of acetanilide}}{135.17g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of acetanilide}=(0.048mol\times 135.17g/mol)=6.5g[/tex]
Hence, the theoretical yield of acetanilide is 6.5 grams.
