A researcher while working in vitro (outside cell) added helicase enzyme which resulted in the untwisting of the DNA helix. But this untwisting led to strain ahead of the replication fork. Which enzyme can be added to correct this problem? A. Nuclease B. Topoisomerase C. Telomerase

Nucleic acids are comprised of smaller units called nucleotides and function as storage for the body’s genetic information. These monomers include ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They differ from other macromolecules since they don’t provide the body with energy. They exist solely to encode and protein synthesis.

Basic makeup: C, H, O, P; they contain phosphate group 5 carbon sugar, these nitrogen bases which may contain single to double bond ring.

DNA stores all of an organism’s genetic information. Its molecules comprise the nitrogenous bases Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine and Thymine. These pair up as base pairs due to their varied structure- largely influenced by the location of N molecule ;

N at while cytosine and thymine are formed from pyrimidines- N at position 1 and 3 of a fused ring;

Guanine and adenine are formed from organic compounds called purines (pyramidines fused to another organic ring of imidazole.
Each base pair contains a purine and pyrimidine joined via hydrogen bonding e.g. A-T & G-C and are called base complements.

The resulting geometric arrangement allows for the formation of the DNA helix or spiral. During replication, helicase unwinds the helix, leading to the formation of a replication fork. Straining this region can hinder replication activity by polymerase enzymes. This can be regulated through the action of topisomerases (specifically topisomerase I & II), which facilitate the movement of polymerases along the strand.

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