C) neutron
Explanation:
An atom consists of:
- A tiny central nucleus, containing protons (which are positively charged) and neutrons (no electric charge)
- Electrons, which orbit around the nucleus, having negative charge
The atom of the same element are characterized by the number of protons that they have: this means that two atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.
For example, an atom of Carbon always has 6 protons (6 is also called "atomic number" of the element).
On the other hand, the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of the same element can change. For instance, an atom of carbon can have either 6, 7 or 8 neutrons in its nucleus. We call isotopes atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons.
So, the correct answer is
C) neutron
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