A national educational group, in partnership with K-8 schools, gathers information on every school-aged child in the United States including their name, social security number, address, hobbies, disciplinary records and scores on tests and homework. The organization posts the information in a "big data" site that is accessible only to school administrators. Which of the following decisions, based on information in the database, may be considered discriminatory?
a. Referring a student to another school because their address doesn't meet a county residency requirement.
b. Excluding a student from a gifted program because the database indicates that English is not their first language.
c. Sending children who have indicated the hobby of "bike-riding" a brochure about a related summer camp.
d. Selecting a group of students for a "High Academic Achievement" award.