Answer:
1. Amino acids
2. Ribosome
3. DNA
4. Nucleus
5. Protein
6. Transcription
7. Enzyme
8. 1st from the left
9. Translation
Explanation:
1. Proteins are made of smaller units of amino acids. They are made of chains of amino acids that are held together by peptide bonds. This is why they describe proteins as polypeptide chains. The function of the protein relies on the amino acids present and the arrangement they are in.
2. The organelle that creates proteins is the ribosome. They often describe the ribosomes as the site of protein synthesis. The mRNA brings the transcribed code from the DNA and brings it into the ribosome. There tRNA bring in the amino acids that code for the mRNA template.
3. A gene is a small section of DNA. They the code of a specific protein that has specific functions in the different cells. Genes are found in chromosomes and chromosomes are made up of DNA that are tightly wound.
4.DNA is stored in the nucleus of the cell. This is the area where transcription occurs. The messenger RNA or the mRNA goes into the nucleus and transcribes the DNA into a language or a code that the cells understand, so it can produce proteins.
5. The DNA code of a gene codes for a protein, like mentioned earlier. These proteins are essential because they serve as enzymes that play a role in all the different chemical reactions in the cell and in the body.
6. RNA polymerase separates DNA when it is about to be transcribed. So this happens at the start of DNA transcription. The enzyme creates a bubble around the section that is going to be transcribed by separating the helix.
7. RNA polymerase is an enzyme, specifically a transcription enzyme. Enzymes are mostly proteins that help speed up chemical reactions. RNA polymerase is what transcribes DNA code into RNA code.
8. The first option (Left most) is the answer because transcription from DNA to RNA involves the following base pairings:
C - G G - C
T - A A - U U - A
One of the main differences between RNA and DNA is RNA has the nucleotide Uracil while the DNA has the nuceotide Thymine.
The last option is not correct because there is an error in the transcription. C coded for C instead of G. While the other two in the middle has T on both sides.
9. Once the mRNA arrives at the ribosome, translation starts. Translation is the part where the protein will be put together, based on the code of the mRNA template. They are read by 3s, or 3 bases at a time, which are collectively known as codons. At this point, the tRNA or the transfer RNA brings in an amino acid that codes for each codon. They drop off the amino acid and leave the ribosome.
