Which statement best distinguishes the roles of chloroplasts and mitochondria in
maintaining homeostasis in a cell?
A. Chloroplasts regulate movement of materials in plant cells; mitochondria regulate
movement of materials in animal cells.
B. Chloroplasts produce glucose molecules; mitochondria break down glucose molecules.
C. Chloroplasts break down proteins; mitochondria generate new proteins.
D. Chloroplasts store water and wastes; mitochondria provide support for the cell.

Chloroplasts utilize a process called anabolism to produce larger molecules from simpler molecules while mitochondria breaks down large molecules into simpler molecules in a process called catabolism.

Explanation:

Chloroplast harness the energy from the sun to make glucose. The energy is used to split water molecules into H+ and O- in a process called photolysis. The H+ is used in the reduction of CO₂ into glucose molecules, whose excess is stored as starch in the plants.

The glucose molecules, on the other hand, are broken down by mitochondria to harness the energy in the chemical bonds in the molecule to make ATPs, the energy currency in cells. The cycle in the matrix of the mitochondria that makes the ATPs is called Krebs cycle.

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