Germany had colonies in Africa in 1914 but not in 1878 because Europeans controlled barely ten percent of the African continent in the 1870s, with all of their possessions being near the coast. So, option A is the correct answer.
What are the colonies of Africa?
The Scramble for Africa, also known as the Partition of Africa or the Conquest of Africa, was a phase of New Imperialism in which seven Western European nations invaded, annexed, divided, and colonized most of Africa (between 1881 and 1914).
Only Ethiopia (Abyssinia) and Liberia remained independent in 1914, despite Ethiopia being invaded and annexed by Italy in 1936.
Between 1885 and 1914, Britain occupied over a third of Africa's population, with 15 percent going to France, 11 percent to Portugal, 9 percent to Germany, 7 percent to Belgium, and 1% to Italy.
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