Answer:
b. Victoria.
Explanation:
Cartes de visite probably began to circulate in the summer of 1859. The American Civil War (1861 - 1865) gave the cartes de visite a big boost - the soldiers and their families recanted before being separated by the conflict. In England, the sale of visiting cards was very large and Queen Victoria herself (1819 - 1901) formed over 100 portrait albums of royal family members and socially important people.
Queen Victoria was very influential in popularizing these cards.