The technique here is to balance the number of particles which is the numerator and the number of protons which is the denominator
Therefore
NUMERATOR:
257 – 4 = 253
DENOMINATOR:
100 – 2 = 98
the number of protons of an ion is simply its atomic number therefore, from the periodic table
98 = Californium
The answer here is that we will add an Isotope of californium, 253/98 Cf
Answer: ₉₈²⁵³Cf
253 is a superscript to the left of the symbol, Cf, which represents the mass number, and 98 is a subscript to the left of the same symbol, which represents the atomic number.
Explanation:
1) The alpha decay equation shows that the isotope Fm - 257, whose nucleus has 100 protons and 157 neutrons, emitted an alpha particle (a nucleus with 2 protons and 2 neutrons).
2) Therefore:
i) the mass number decreased in 4, from 257 to 257 - 4 = 253.
2) the atomic number decreased in 2, from 100 to 100 - 2 = 98.
3) Hence the formed atom has atomic number 98, which is californium, Cf, and the isotope is californium - 253.
4) The item that completes the given alpha decay reaction is:
₉₈²⁵³ Cf.
5) The complete alfpha decay reaction is:
₁₀₀²⁵⁷ Fm → ₉₈²⁵³Cf + ₂⁴He
You can verify the mass balance:
257 = 253 + 4, and
100 = 98 + 2
