Answer: D. the availability heuristic.
Explanation:
Availability heuristic is defined as the thought ,idea or example that instantly comes in the mind of an individual when he/she is examining , testing or evaluating any particular action, or situation.
According to question, seeing any person sneezing and coughing indicates about health risk in the mind due to availability heuristic. As it is commonly known scenario that these activities spread germs in air which can attack other people and cause similar health issues.
Other options are incorrect because belief preservance works on the basis of beliefs. Framing is the tendency to process a scene or event. Confirmation bias is believing thing through new evidences.
Thus, the correct option is option(D).
