Answer:
The answer is option d. equalize air pressure throughout the lung.
Explanation:
Alveolar pores equalize air pressure throughout the lung. Thin alveolar septa separate adjacent alveoli. Adjacent alveoli have connections via small openings, called pores of Kohn, that allow for collateral airflow and equalization of pressure between alveoli. The control of opening or closing of alveoli to regulate ventilation occurs at common alveolar openings by smooth muscle projections called alveolar cusps.
The alveolar septum has numerous capillaries and thin walls for gas exchange. In addition to capillary endothelial cells, the alveolar septum contains Type I pneumocytes that are very thin and line the alveoli, as well as Type II pneumocytes that secrete dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPT) surfactant to decrease alveolar surface tension. Alveolar macrophages, also known as dust cells, are active in defending against pathogens and irritants.
