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Explanation:

Surfactants. Surfactants are one of many different compounds that make up a detergent. They are added to remove dirt from skin, clothes and household articles particularly in kitchens and bathrooms. ... Surfactants function by breaking down the interface between water and oils and/or dirt.

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Surfactant is a compound word from 'surface active agent', and they are made up of a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and a lipophilic (fat-loving) tail.

They can be classified according to the charges of their hydrophilic head.

  • Anionic → negatively charged
  • Cationic → positively charged
  • Non-ionic → no charge
  • Amphoteric → contains both positive and negative charges

Anionic surfactants are commonly used for detergents.

Surfactants help with the removal of oily dirt. There are a few proposed mechanisms of sebum removal by surfactants, and one of which is known as solubilization.

Mechanism (solubilization)

  • Surfactant molecules are attracted to the oil droplet and orientate themselves in such a way that their hydrophilic head faces the water while the lipophilic tail faces the oil molecule.
  • The structure formed when many surfactant molecules surround the oil droplet is called a micelle.
  • Micelles reduce the surface tension between the oil and water interface, and the oil is removed from the surface to the bulk solution (water). Surfactant molecules remain attracted to the oil droplet even after the oil droplet is removed from the surface to prevent redeposition.
  • These micelles then get washed away with the rinsing of the detergent with water.

To learn more about surfactants, check out the following: https://brainly.com/question/3039679

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