Yes it did.
Explanation:
- Some kind of industrialization, started at the end of the 19th century and triggered mainly by foreign capital, enabled the emergence of the middle and working class in major Russian urban centers, e.g. St. Petersburg and Moscow.
- In such circumstances, a small layer of Russian intellectuals will emerge, attacking Russian traditionally society and archaic power, and will seek revolutionary change.
- Of course the authorities will pursue them with all their might, so most of them will seek salvation in emigration in the West.
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