Answer:
Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into the mitochondrial intermembrane space - Option D-.
Explanation:
There exist three proteinic complexes immersed in the internal mitochondrial membrane. These complexes have the electron transporters and the enzymes necessary to catalyze the electron transference from one transporter to the other. In complexes, I and III released energy by electrons provokes changes in membrane transport protein conformation. These changes make possible the protons transport against their concentration gradient, going from the mitochondrial matrix toward the intermembrane space. The protons concentrations difference between the matrix and the intermembrane space represents released energy.
Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H + into mitochondrial intermembrane space in eukaryotic cells.
The mitochondria has a double membrane system, one external and one internal, which separate three well-defined spaces:
The intermembrane space is composed of a liquid similar to hyaloplasm, which contains all the molecules that the porins of the outer membrane allow to pass.
This space is rich in protons, which come from the functioning of the complexes of the respiratory chain and play an essential role in the phosphorylation of ADP.
The oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle generates NADH and FADH2, these reduced coenzymes transfer electrons to oxygen through the four electron transport complexes.
At the same time hydrogen ions are transported from the matrix to the intermembrane space, with which the proton motive force is generated.
Therefore, we can conclude that energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H + into mitochondrial intermembrane space in eukaryotic cells.
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