Answer:
d) borderline personality disorder
Explanation:
Otto Kernberg is a psychoanalyst that has focused in psychopathology. One of his main books is called 'Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism' where he theorizes about personality disorders after years of psychodynamic observations.
He explains that Borderline personality disorder takes place when infants can’t integrate their positive and negative experiences, either because of high innate aggressiveness, excessive anxiety, or harmful early experiences. These infants usually have a cold, unempathetic mom who doesn't satisfy their desires and this situation ends up with them relying on splitting as a defense mechanism: they sequester good and bad internal representations of themself and others.
Being a psychodynamic theory, Kernberg's observations have not been properly supported by adequate research.
