This is the example my teacher used. However, I still don't understand what makes the integers even or odd. I was hoping someone here could help me understand the difference.

Answer:
The odd numbers from one to 10 are: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9.
The even numbers from one to 10 are: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.
[odd, even, odd, even, odd...] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Here's an example:
[tex]x= 17\\x + 2 = ?\\(17) + 2 = 19[/tex]
See how x is an odd number and the sum of the number and two makes another odd number?
The same can go with an even number:
[tex]x=2\\x + 6 = ?\\(2) + 6= 8[/tex]
See how x is an even number and the sum of the number and six makes another even number?
I hope my answer helps you understand even and odd numbers.