Answer:
Speaking about the reasons for the great geographical discoveries, it is worth mentioning the so-called Levantine trade, that is, Western European trade with the countries of the East. Due to the seizure of trade routes to the East by the Turks and Arabs, Levantine trade was in a deep crisis and European countries were forced to look for other trade routes. Among other important reasons, one can call an acute shortage of gold and silver in circulation at the end of the 15th century due to the general growth of trade and the passive nature of trade with the East. It should be noted that the growth of commodity-money relations and the beginning of the decomposition of the feudal system connected with it led to the need to seize new territories in order, to a certain extent, to resolve the internal contradictions of feudalism.
Material and technical prerequisites for the implementation of new geographical discoveries were significant successes in shipbuilding, the invention of firearms, the widespread use of a compass, and the use of nautical charts based on the notion of the sphericity of the Earth. In addition, the creation of large centralized states and the development of absolutism made it possible to organize large sea expeditions with the help of the state, since the costs for private individuals were unbearable.
As a result of the great geographical discoveries, Spain and Portugal became the first colonial powers. In 1494, an agreement was signed between them to divide the world, approved by the pope. According to this treaty, American lands were declared the possessions of Spain, and Asian and African lands were declared Portugal posession.
The great geographical discoveries coincided with the beginning of the era of the so-called initial accumulation of capital, accelerating the formation of the capitalist mode of production and increasing the possibility of enriching the nascent bourgeoisie by robbing the colonial peoples.
Explanation:
The economic causes and effects of maritime exploration by various
European states include Mercantilism.
Mercantilism is the measurement of a country's wealth as a result of the
number and value of goods exported to other countries so as to generate
more income.
The maritime exploration led to more water bodies being used in the
movement of goods to various parts of the world.
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