Montesquieu and John Locke
Explanation:
- John Locke (1632-1704) and Charles Montesquieu (1689-1755) wrote their works inspired by the rise of civil revolutions that governed Europe in the eighteenth century. Both relied primarily on the organization of government as it existed in England at that time.
- Locke gives a dichotomous (though functionally trichotomous), and Montesquieu a trichotomous division of power.
- We can find commonalities in the regulation of the legislature, which by both should be the main expression of the will of the people. However, in Locke's case, the legislative power is not only a matter of the people, but of the people, ie. Parliament shares with the King who is also the executive power holder, which he often resents.
- There are also commonalities in the limitations of the legislature, which, while expressing national sovereignty, must not seize all power for itself. He sees Montesquieu as organizing the legislature in the executive power embodied by the king. Thus, it establishes a special system of mutual control of the authority of a state body, known as a "weight and balance" system.
- Of course, Jefferson is the author of Declaration of Independence and the founding father, so is not eligible to this.
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