Respuesta :
Answer:
A) Propose two ways in which antibiotic resistance may develop in a bacterium?
Antibiotic resistance may develop in a bacterium through A GENETIC MUTATION and BY REQUIRING RESISTANCE FROM ANOTHER BACTERIUM
B.) Describe how bacterial cells acquire the ability to produce toxins?
The virulent strains of bacteria as in Corynebacterium diphtheria, and Streptococcus pyogenes all manufacture toxins with weighty physiological impacts, unlike the nonvirulent strains which do not manufacture toxins. The toxins are generated by a bacteriophage gene that has been received by transduction.
Using the knowledge of DNA recombination events to complete the -
- two ways in which antibiotic resistance may develop
- bacterial cells acquire the ability to produce toxins
1. Antibiotic resistance means some bacteria can grow and survive in the presence of one or more antibiotics like tetracycline, ampicillin, or others. It can be developed by 1) horizontal gene transfer 2) Mutation
- Horizontal gene transfer is a process that helps bacteria to transfer genes with each other.
- It is called horizontal gene transfer due to genetic exchange/ F factor, this process is also known as recombination.
- There are three methods of recombination: Conjugation, Transduction & Transformation.
- A mutation is a change in the genome of the organisms due to various reasons.
2. Pathogenic bacteria may produce toxins. Toxins are of two types; exotoxins & endotoxins.
- Exotoxin is released by lipopolysaccharides and protein which are associated with the bacterial cell wall.
- Endotoxins are associated with the structural mechanism of the bacterial cell.
- Pathogenicity islands are acquired by microorganisms by horizontal gene transfer.
Thus, the explanation is given above about the way resistance develops and the production of toxins.
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