In Drosophila, vestigial (partially formed) wings (vg) are recessive to normal long wings (vg+) and the gene for this trait is autosomal. The gene for the white-eye trait is on the X chromosome. Suppose a homozygous white-eyed, long-winged female fly is crossed with a homozygous red-eyed, vestigial winged male.

a. What will be the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 flies?
b. what will be the genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 flies?
c. what will be the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a cross of the F1 flies back to each parent?

a. The genotype of a homozygous white eyed long winged female would be Vg+Vg+XrXr. We denote the white allele as recessive (r) because the XY male only has one copy and yet has red eyes, so the red eye trait (R) must be dominant. A homozygous red eyed vestigial winged male would have be VgVgXRY. The possible gametes for the female are Vg+Xr only. For the male, the possible gametes are VgXR or VgY

The attached punnett square shows the results of the cross. The females will all be Vg+VgXRXr. The males will all be Vg+VgXRY (must inherit Y from father). That means they will all have normal length wings, the males will have white eyes and the females will have red eyes.

b. The F2 flies arise from intercrossing the F1, so the cross will be Vg+VgXRXr x Vg+VgXRY. The possible gametes for the mother are: Vg+XR, Vg+Xr, VgXR or VgXr. The possible gametes for the father are Vg+Xr

, Vg+Y

, VgXr

, VgY

. The attached punnet square shows this cross. The ratio of the phenotypes will be 6:6:2:2, or 3:3:1:1 (long-winged red eye: long-winged white eye: vestigial wing red eye: vestigial wing white eye), genotypes shown in the attachment.

c. F1 cross back to the mother would be Vg+VgXRY x Vg+Vg+XrXr. The genotypes are shown in the attached punnet square. The offspring will all be long-winged with white eyes. The F1 to the father would be Vg+VgXRXr x VgVgXRY. The ratio would be 3:3:1:1 long-winged red eye: long-winged white eye: vestigial wing red eye: vestigial wing white eye