Explanation:
The gradient of slope – the steeper the gradient the higher the velocity
the shape of river channel – the more straight the channel (with fewer meanders) the higher the velocity
The volume of water that the river carries – The more water the higher the velocity because more water has more mass that carries more momentum.
The roughness of the substrate or stream bottom – The rougher the river bed is, the slower the river water velocity due to increased turbulence and less laminar flow
The depth & width of the stream – The narrower and deeper the river channel the higher the velocity. This is because the water has a lesser surface area to rub against the river bed as it flows hence gains higher speeds due to lower friction.
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