Answer:
Federalism as a form of governance continues to be challenged and tested in many federal countries, not only in the United States. In particular, environmental and immigration issues can be expected to become only more salient in the next decade.
While the federal government is often entrusted with addressing environmental issues and complying with the international standards, it is the task of state and local governments to carry out regulations implementation in the field. State governments need to identify the most optimal ways to deal with particular environmental issues, like sire contamination, and request federal support ahead of time.
Immigration, on the other hand, can be an important subject to citizens all over the country and matter of federal government major decision making, but it is the bordering states that have to deal with its actual impact. State governments need to foresee immigration waves and adverse effects of tightening immigration laws. For example, the fact that many illegal immigrants would choose to settle in a state permanently without risking crossing the border.
Some challenges in the next decade include:
Drug policy
Some states have began to make moves to legalize certain drugs that the federal government views as illegal for example, marijuana. This pits those states directly against the federal government.
Federal government response
The Federal government is unlikely to back down from its stance that drugs like marijuana are illegal in the next decade. Depending on whether the Democratic party remains in power however, there might be moves made to ease restrictions on the use and research into marijuana.
State government response
States where some drugs are not yet legal will be watching states that are legalizing some drugs to see how things go. If it is shown that the drug problem can be better treated when all drugs are legal, more states might move to legalize the use of certain drugs in defiance of federal policy.
This is just one of the issues that threaten federalism and on its own does not present that much of a challenge but if it comes up at the same time as other issues, the federal government might be forced to take a tougher stance to preserve national unity.
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