Respuesta :
Answer:
There are many points at which eukaryotic gene expression can be controlled, through pretranscriptional control, transcriptional control, and posttranscriptional control
Explanation:
The pretranscriptional control determines the accessibility of chromatin to the transcription machinery. It is affected by supercoiling and methylation. It is also known as epigenetic regulation, and it does not depend on the sequence but on the conformation of the DNA.
While transcriptional control determines the frequency and / or speed of transcription initiation through the accessibility of the start sites, the availability of transcription factors and the effectiveness of promoters.
The post-transcriptional control is the one that is exercised once the transcript has finished synthesizing. It can be of several types:
• Maturation control: As the RNA adjustment can be made.
• Transport control: Most RNA has to go out to the cytoplasm to perform its function. For this they have to cross the pores of the nuclear membrane, where you can select the RNAs that will be transported and those that will not.
• Stability control: The half-life of RNA can be regulated by the expression of RNAs or mRNA stabilizing proteins in the cytoplasm.
• Translational control: It is exercised on the frequency with which the mRNAs begin to be translated. It can also affect the frequency with which proteins mature and the availability of enzymatic effectors.
Eukaryotic gene expression can be controlled through many points and pathways, such as transcriptional control, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional events.
The steps involved in the regulation of higher or lower expression of genes can be hypothesized as:
- The pre transcriptional control refers to the accessibility of the chromatin to participate in the transcription process. Supercoiling and methylation affect the pre-transcriptional control. The sequence of the DNA does not affect it, hence referred to as epigenetic regulation.
- The transcriptional control refers to the frequency at which the process is initiated, the presence of transcription factors, and the efficiency of the promotors.
- The post-transcriptional events involved several steps, which occur after the complete synthesis of transcripts. Maturation control, transport control, splicing, translational, and stability control are some of the steps of post-transcriptional control.
Thus, the hypotheses on transcriptional events can be explained using translation, efficiency, and stability.
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