Answer:
The correct answer is option A.
Explanation:
Sophie is willing to sell a textbook for $30, while Ruby is willing to purchase it for $60. Both negotiate and agree on a price of $45.
The gain for Sophie will be the difference between the minimum price she was expecting and the price she gets for the textbook.
Gain for Sophie
= $45 - $30
= $15
The gain for Ruby will be the difference between the maximum price she was willing to pay and the price she actually paid.
Gain for Ruby
= $60 - $45
= $15
So, both of them have a gain of $15 from trade.