Consider a system running 10 I/O-bound processes and 2 CPU-bound process. Assume that the I/O-bound processes issue an I/O operation once for every millisecond of CPU computing and that each I/O operation takes 10 milliseconds to complete (we assume that there is no competition among I/O operations). Assume that the CPU-bound processes do not issue any I/O operations. A round-robin scheduler with quantum size 1 milliseconds is used to schedule all these 12 processes together. We assume that the context-switching overhead is 0.1 millisecond and that all processes are long-running tasks. Calculate the CPU utilization. HTML EditorKeyboard Shortcuts

cpu task for which we can consider it runs for 10 ms because i/o operation will be completed in 10ms ... (given as all process are long running tasks)

so if case 1 ... time quantum is 1ms then cpu task takes = 10*1+10*0.1(switching after every 1ms quantum time) = 11ms

Therefore,

cpu utilization = useful work/ total work

= (10 * 1 + 10 * 1) / 11 + 11 = 20/22 =90.90%

case 2 time quantum = 10ms,

so cpu takes = 10*1+1*.1=10.1

cpu utilization = 20/ 11+10.1= 20/ 21.1 = 94.78%

For further clarity,

We could consider the below approach for solving the question.

(a) Time quantum is 1 ms.

Whether a CPU bound or I/O bound process, it switches every one millisecond and when doing so, it incurs a 0.1 ms overhead. Thus, for every 1.1 ms, the CPU is actually utilized only 1 ms. So CPU utilization is 11.1 ∗ 100 = 91%

(b) Time quantum is 10 ms.

Here, there is a difference between CPU bound and I/O bound processes. A CPU bound process can use the full 10 ms time slot, whereas an I/O bound process can have it only for 1 ms because another I/O bound process in the queue will snatch the time from it.

So a CPU bound process takes 10 ms, 10 I/O bound processes would take 10*1 =10ms. So, the CPU would be utilized for a total of 20 ms out of 21.1 ms. (Total time is 10*1.1 + 10.1=21.1ms).

Thus the CPU utilization is 2021.1∗100 = 95%