Answer:
c. A progressive tax on income.
Explanation:
Suppose fairness is defined as those with the highest incomes can afford to pay a greater proportion of their income in taxes. Then the following taxation systems would be consistent with this notion of fairness is a progressive tax on income.
A progressive tax is a taxing system in which the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases.
"Progressive" as a terminology refers to the way the tax rate progresses from low to high, as income level increases.