In a longitudinal study that will follow children from kindergarten through high school and will collect information about illegal activities, which of the following confidentiality procedures would protect against compelled disclosure of individually identifiable information?-Using data encryption for stored files.-Securing a Certificate of Confidentiality.-Waiving documentation of consent.-Using pseudonyms in research reports.

In research process, "certificates of confidentiality" is also written as "CoCs", and is described as one of the ethical steps which is being taken by the researcher to protect the 'privacy' of different research subjects or participants via the prohibition disclosure related to identifiable information, and by providing sensitive and important research information of participants to someone else who is more or less not associated with the research process apart from the fact that the participant provided the consent to do so or in some limited circumstances.