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Answer:
1.A political poll is conducted by contacting people on landline phones. The pollsters did not keep track of how many people they contacted who did not respond.
Non response bias and Sampling is likely to occur.
2.A political poll is administered by contacting people on landline phones. The pollsters contacted 20,000 20,000 households, and 4747 4747 individuals agreed to speak with the caller.
Non response bias is likely to occur here.
3. A political poll is conducted by asking the listeners of a radio program to call in.
sampling bias and response bias is most likely to occur.
4. A political poll asks the question, "If you found out that Candidate A was given a large sum of money by Special Interest Group B, would that change your opinion of how hypocritical Candidate A is
Response Bias will likely occur here.
Step-by-step explanation:
for us to be able to understand the answers above we need to explain what sampling bias is and the Major types of sampling bias.
In statistics, sampling bias is a bias in which a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population have a lower sampling probability than others.
A common cause of sampling bias lies in the design of the study or in the data collection procedure, both of which may favor or disfavor collecting data from certain classes or individuals or in certain conditions.
we have four major sampling bias which are;
1. Non response bias is the bias that results when respondents differ in meaningful ways from non respondents. Non-response is often problem with mail surveys, where the response rate can be very low.
2.Sampling bias: In the world of market research and surveys, sampling bias is an error related to the way the survey respondents are selected.
3.Response bias: is a general term for a wide range of tendencies for participants to respond inaccurately or falsely to questions.
4.Question order bias, or "order effects bias": is a type of response bias where a respondent may react differently to questions based on the order in which questions appear in a survey or interview. There are many ways that questionnaire items that appear earlier in a survey can affect responses to later questions.
The types of sampling bias in the statements given are;
Option A; Survivorship Bias
Option B; Voluntary Response bias and Under-coverage bias.
Option C; Voluntary Response bias
Option D; Response bias
Sampling bias occurs when some people in a population being surveyed are strategically positioned to be selected or not selected rather than others.
Let's look at the given options;
- Option A; The people conducting the poll did not keep track of those in the survey that did not respond. This means the poll concentrated on only those they contacted that responded and did not consider the others who did not respond. This is simply called survivorship bias.
- Option B; The poll contacted some households and only some individuals agreed to speak with the caller. This is simply voluntary response bias as some chose to speak with the caller and others refused to speak with the caller. This means they may be reserving their opinions and this would lead to a poll that is not a true representation of the population.
This is also an under coverage bias because a small part of the population is what is presented as only 4747 individuals spoke out of 20000.
- Option C; Since only the listeners of the radio program are told to call, it is likely that some may not want to call and thus their opinions or responses will not be part of the poll. This is Voluntary Response bias.
- Option D; Since your opinion about Candidate A would be changed or affected by the story you heard about candidate A, then this is response bias since you have prior knowledge of the survey.
Read more at; https://brainly.com/question/15081745
