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If an app needs to perform a derived-class-specific operation on a derived class object reference by a base class variable, the app must first cast the base class reference to a derived class reference through a technique known as ________

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Answer:

Downcasting

Explanation:

Downcasting is a way of determining whether a given object is of a particular subclass type. In object-oriented programming downcasting is used to cast an object to a subtype. Even though sometimes it throws a compile-time error in Java, downcasting can be done on languages like Java, C++, C#. The opposite of downcasting is upcasting, which is simply the casting of an object to supertype or parent type.