The theory of _____ proposed that sudden and widespread disasters that result in mass extinctions followed by repopulation could explain why species change over time.
According to Theory of Catastrophism, quick and widespread disasters lead to mass extinction (extinction of large number of species over time) followed by re-population after a notable period of time.
This theory was given on the Basis of Paleontological (Fossil Study) Evidence
Fossil Study - can be called a the procedure being followed to study ancestral human beings (Neanderthals), animals (dinosaurs) and plants by the means of soil study till depth.