In Economics productivity is measured in terms of output against the input.
Explanation:
Economists view productivity as a function of the output per unit of the predetermined and pre calculated input. Efficiency is high when this ratio is high and so is the productivity as more output comes out of less input.
It is typically calculated for the whole economy in terms of whole input put in by the economy and not for a small or specific sector and is calculated in terms of the percentage share out of the total GDP to the ratio of the hours worked in total.
