Answer: Option (5) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
An ionic bond is formed by transfer of electrons between the two chemically combining atoms. Whereas a covalent bond is defined as the bond formed by sharing of electrons between the two chemically combining atoms.
When electronegativity difference is from 0.0 to 0.4 then bond formed between the two atoms is non-polar covalent in nature.
When electronegativity difference is greater than 0.4 and less than 1.7 then bond between the two atoms is a polar covalent bond.
When electronegativity difference is 1.7 or greater than the bond formed is ionic in nature.
Therefore, electronegativity difference of the given species is as follows.
Si-P = 2.1 - 1.8 = 0.3
Si-Cl = 3.0 - 1.8 = 1.2
Si-S = 2.5 - 1.8 = 0.7
Thus, we can conclude that given bonds are placed in order of increasing ionic character as follows.
Si-P < Si-S < Si-Cl
Based on electronegativity trends in the periodic table, the ordering of the bonds in terms of increasing ionic character is; Si-P < Si-S < Si-Cl.
The origin of polarity and high ionic character in chemical bonds is a high electronegativity difference between bonding atoms.
The higher the electronegativity difference of a bond the greater the ionic character of the bond.
Let us now consider the respective differences in electronegativity of the individual bonds;
Si-P = 0.29
Si-S = 0.68
Si-Cl = 1.26
From the above, it is clear that the bond that will display the greatest ionic character is the Si-Cl because it has the highest electronegativity difference and is consequently the most polar and the least polar bond is the Si-P bond.
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