Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled."—Articles of Confederation

Which of the following principles of American democracy does this quote best represent?

A) social contract

B) natural rights

C) federalism

D) rule of law


When lawmakers compare multiple potential public policy solutions, they

A) focus on minimizing costs while maximizing the benefits

B) by law are required to choose the least-expensive solution

C) require unanimous approval before selecting one to pursue

D) will choose the most costly solution to maximize the budget



The 14th amendment has continued to extend civil liberties because the

A) state governments have used their own amendment processes to add its language to their state constitutions

B) state governments have used the powers of legislation and policy making to circumvent the rights of citizens

C) courts and lawmakers continue to further refine and restrict the definitions of legal citizenship and residency

D) courts have interpreted it in many cases to mean that state governments must also guarantee certain rights