The ATP yield for a molecule depends on where it enters glycolysis or the citric acid cycle. The yield can be compared to the net yield of glucose, 30 ATP.
Determine the net ATP yield of each starting molecule when fully oxidized to CO2. Assume that glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation are fully active.
net ATP yield from fructose 1,6‑bisphosphate: ATP molecules
net ATP yield from galactose: ATP molecules
net ATP yield from dihydroxyacetone phosphate: ATP molecules
net ATP yield from pyruvate: ATP molecules
net ATP yield from lactate: ATP molecules
net ATP yield from phosphoenolpyruvate: ATP molecules

a) In this case, 2 ATP molecules are not used for the phosphorylation of glucose for the production of fructose bisphosphate 1.6, thus, the net ATP yield is 32 ATP.

b) Galactose is converted to glucose-1-phosphate through reactions that lead to phosphorylation. Glucose-1-phosphate is transformed into glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase. Later it is used in glycolysis, thus, the net ATP yield is 30 ATP.

c) The fructose 1,6 bisphosphate is decomposed in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is isomerized to glyceraldehyde -3-phosphate. ATP performance is (2.5+2.5+11) = 16 ATP

d) Pyruvate is decarboxylated oxidatively to produce acetyl-CoA. ATP yields are:

Glycolysis = 0

Oxidative decarboxylation = 2.5 ATP

TCA cycle = 10 ATP

The net yield is 2.5 + 10 = 12.5 ATP

e) Lactate is oxidized to pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase with a reduction of NAD. Pyruvate is brought into the mitochondria, where it is decarboxylated oxidatively to produce acetyl-CoA. If 1.5 ATP is assumed for cytosolic NADH, therefore 1.5 is produced. So, the net yield is: 12.5 + 1.5 = 14

f) Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate by ATP production through phosphorylation. ATP yield is as follows:

Glycolysis = 1

Oxidative decarboxylation = 2.5 ATP

TCA cycle = 10 ATP

The net yield is 1 + 2.5 + 10 = 13.5 ATP

samueladesida43 samueladesida43 · Answer 2 · 2021-12-02T06:27:50+01:00

The net ATP yield from fructose 1,6‑bisphosphate is 32 ATP
The net ATP yield from galactose is 30 ATP
The net ATP yield from dihydroxyacetone phosphate is 16 ATP
The net ATP yield from pyruvate is 12.5 ATP
The net ATP yield from lactate is 14 ATP
The net ATP yield from phosphoenolpyruvate is 13.5 ATP

QUESTION 1:

2 ATP molecules are not used for the phosphorylation of glucose for the production of fructose, 1-6 bisphosphate, thus, the net ATP yield is 32 ATP.

QUESTION 2:

Galactose is converted to glucose-1-phosphate through reactions that lead to phosphorylation.

Glucose-1-phosphate is transformed into glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase, which is later used in glycolysis, thus, the net ATP yield is 30 ATP.

QUESTION 3:

The fructose 1,6 bisphosphate is decomposed in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate.

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is isomerized to glyceraldehyde -3-phosphate. ATP production is calculated thus 2.5 + 2.5+ 11 = 16 ATP

QUESTION 4:

Pyruvate is decarboxylated oxidatively to produce acetyl-CoA. ATP yields in the steps are as follows:

Glycolysis = 0 ATP
Oxidative decarboxylation = 2.5 ATP
TCA cycle = 10 ATP

The net yield is 2.5 + 10 = 12.5 ATP

QUESTION 5:

Lactate is oxidized to pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase with a reduction of NAD.

Pyruvate is brought into the mitochondria, where it is decarboxylated oxidatively to produce acetyl-CoA. If 1.5 ATP is assumed for cytosolic NADH, therefore 1.5 is produced. So, the net yield is: 12.5 + 1.5 = 14 ATP

QUESTION 6:

Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate by ATP production through phosphorylation. ATP yield is as follows:

Glycolysis = 1 ATP
Oxidative decarboxylation = 2.5 ATP
TCA cycle = 10 ATP

The net yield is 1 + 2.5 + 10 = 13.5 ATP

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