Answer:
e. after the abolition of the Fairness Doctrine.
Explanation:
Partisan talk radio (radio that takes a clear side in a debate of ideology) only became common after the abolition of the Fairness Doctrine. The Fairness Doctrine was a policy of the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that argued that broadcasters needed to present information in a way that was "honest, equitable and balanced." The policy was eliminated in 1987.