Students in Mr. Painter's class are learning about predator-prey relationships. They need to study how predator and prey populations change size in relation to one another. Which of the following model types can the students use to visualize this relationship?

1. a computer simulation that predicts population sizes over time based on an initial number of predator and prey animals

2. food web and energy pyramid diagrams

3. a mental model of how a predator's respiratory system works

4. a graph of seasonal temperature and rainfall amounts for the ecosystem in which the predator and prey animals live

5. anatomical models representing a prey animal and its primary predator