Transcription is the process of using a single strand of DNA as a template to produce a complementary sequence of RNA. ( True/False)The central dogma predicts that mRNAs are transcribed into DNA. ( True/False)The central dogma predicts that a change in a DNA sequence will result in a change in an RNA sequence. ( True/False) The arrows connecting DNA, RNA, and protein in the central dogma model indicate a conversion of one type of molecule to another. ( True/False)The central dogma summarizes how information is transferred from DNA to RNA to protein in cells. ( True/False)

The process of gene expression, which is how the information in a gene is used to synthesize proteins, follows the CENTRAL DOGMA of molecular biology. Gene expression involves two major phases; transcription and translation.

Statement 1: This is true because transcription involves the synthesis of a complementary strand of mRNA using a DNA template. It is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase which binds to the DNA and adds nuceleotide bases that are complementary to the ones it reads on the DNA, to the growing single-stranded RNA molecule. The double-stranded DNA unwinds in order to do this.

Statement 2 is False because DNA is transcibed into mRNA and not the other way around. The progression of the central dogma is: DNA----> RNA-----> Protein

Statement 3 is true because the order of sequence in the DNA determines the order of sequence in the RNA. Since, DNA sequence is used as template to synthesize RNA during transcription, any change in the sequence of the DNA will also cause a change in the sequence of the RNA. For example, if A base is read in the DNA, U base will be synthesized in the RNA, however, if A base changes to T base, A base will rather be synthesized in the RNA.

Statement 4 is true because the progression of molecules in the central dogma (DNA----> RNA-----> Protein) indicates/shows how one type of molecule is changed to another i.e. from one type of nucleic acid (DNA) to another type of nucleic acid (RNA) to a protein.

Statement 5 is true because the central dogma summarizes the process of gene expression. The genetic material (DNA) in cells carry all the information needed by an organism to function. This stored information, however, needs to be decoded in order to be used. Hence, the information passes from the stored form in DNA to RNA and is finally expressed as proteins.

luisvaschetto luisvaschetto · Answer 2 · 2021-11-26T13:59:08+01:00

The statements 'transcription produces a complementary RNA', 'arrows connecting DNA, RNA, and protein indicate conversion' and 'the central dogma summarizes how genetic information is transferred' are TRUE.

During transcription, a fragment of DNA, usually a gene, is used as template to create a complementary RNA molecule, usually a messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then used to generate a protein by a process called translation.

The central dogma symbolizes how genetic information flows from DNA to mRNA (transcription), and then from mRNA to protein (translation).

The statement 'the central dogma predicts that mRNAs are transcribed into DNA' is FALSE because during transcription genetic information flows from DNA to mRNA but not in the opposite direction.

The statement 'the central dogma predicts that a change in a DNA sequence will result in a change in an RNA sequence' is FALSE because the genetic code is redundant, which means that different codons in mRNA can encode the same amino acid.

In conclusion, the statements 'transcription produces a complementary RNA', 'arrows connecting DNA, RNA, and protein indicate conversion' and 'the central dogma summarizes how genetic information is transferred' are TRUE.

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