The fourth alternative is correct (D).
History is usually narrated in a secondary way, through specialized observers of a particular context - historians.
However, although with less incidence, there are stories that are narrated by primary sources. The fact that it is a primary source means that the information comes from someone who has experienced that historical moment, that is, it is an in loco narration. In a way, it is a privileged view that is usually valued by historians.
An example of this may be a diary of someone who is involved in a war.
