The statement, that describes the areas of the periodic table that contain elements that form cations in ionic compounds is "alkali and alkaline earth metals and transition metals."
Ionic compounds are those that are produced by ions joining together via electrostatic forces. Ionic compounds are typically formed when metals and nonmetals combine. For example, the ionic compound calcium chloride is formed by the metal calcium (Ca) and the nonmetal chlorine (Cl).
A metal element that forms an ion will always form a cation. Main-group elements tend to form cations in ionic compounds as they move from far left to far right on the periodic table. Sodium, for example, always produces a +1 cation, whereas magnesium always forms a +2 cation.
Halogens are always anions, while alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are always cations. Non-metals prefer to create anions in ionic bonding, whereas transition elements can also form both ionic and covalent compounds.
Hence the correct answer is alkali and alkaline earth metals and transition metals.
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