Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Substituents can activate or deactivate the ring to substitution, donate or withdraw electrons inductively, donate or withdraw electrons through resonance, and direct substitution either to the ortho/para or to the meta positions.
From the following lists, select the substituents that have the indicated property. The substituents are written as -XY, where X is the atom directly bound to the aromatic ring.

Property:
a) Activation of the ring towards substitution
b) Ortho/para-directed substitution
c) Withdrawal of electrons through resonance

Substituents:
-CN
-OH
-CF3
-NHCOCH3
-SO3H
-NO
-OCOCH3
-CH
-OCOCH3
-COOH
-COOH
-NH
-Br

Many substituted benzene rings undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution. Groups bonded to the benzene ring either activate or deactivate the ring towards electrophilic substitution.

Substituents that activate the ring towards electrophilic substitution are also ortho-para directors. The substituents that deactivate the ring towards electrophilic substitution bare mostly meta directors. They deactivate the ring either by resonance or inductive effect. They further withdraw electron density from the ring thereby destabilizing the delocalized cation formed at the attack of the nucleophile. The groups that deactivate the ring towards electrophilic substitution by resonance effect are listed in the answer.

throwdolbeau throwdolbeau · Answer 2 · 2022-04-02T10:39:06+02:00

Activation of the ring towards substitution/Ortho/para-directed substitution

-OH

-NHCOCH₃

-NH

-CH

Withdrawal of electrons through resonance

-SO₃H

-NO

-OCOCH₃

-COOH

Electrophilic subsitution reaction:

Many substituted benzene rings undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution. Groups bonded to the benzene ring either activate or deactivate the ring towards electrophilic substitution.

Substituents that activate the ring towards electrophilic substitution are also ortho-para directors. The substituents that deactivate the ring towards electrophilic substitution are mostly meta directors. They deactivate the ring either by resonance or inductive effect. They further withdraw electron density from the ring thereby destabilizing the delocalized cation formed at the attack of the nucleophile.

Find more information about Electrophilic subsitution here:

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