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Ethyl acetate is a sweet-smelling solvent used in varnishes and fingernail polish remover. It is produced industrially by heating acetic acid and ethanol
together in the presence of sulfuric acid, which is added to speed up the
reaction. The ethyl acetate is distilled off as it is formed. The equation for the
process is as follows.

CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH --> CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O

Determine the percentage yield in the following cases:
a. 68.3 g of ethyl acetate should be produced but only 43.9 g is recovered.
b. 0.0419 mol of ethyl acetate is produced but 0.0722 mol is expected. (Hint:
Percentage yield can also be calculated by dividing the actual yield in moles
by the theoretical yield in moles.)
c. 4.29 mol of ethanol is reacted with excess acetic acid, but only 2.98 mol of
ethyl acetate is produced.
d. A mixture of 0.58 mol ethanol and 0.82 mol acetic acid is reacted and 0.46
mol ethyl acetate is produced. (Hint: What is the limiting reactant?)

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Answer:

a) 64.27%

b) 58%

c) ethanol is the limiting reactant

d) ethanol is the limiting reactant

Explanation:

We have to note that the expected yield is the theoretical yield while the actual mass or amount of product formed is the actual yield.

a) theoretical yield=68.3g

Actual yield= 43.9 g

Percentage yield= 43.9/68.3 ×100

Percentage yield= 64.27%

b) theoretical yield= 0.0722 moles

Actual yield = 0.0419

Percentage yield= 0.0419/0.0722 × 100

Percentage yield= 58%

c) note that the limiting reactant yields the least number of moles of product

Ethanol will be the limiting reactant since it is not present in excess.

d) from the reaction equation;

1 mole of acetic acid produces 1 mole of ethyl acetate

0.58 moles of ethanol produces 0.58 moles of ethyl acetate

1 mole of acetic acid yields 1 mole of ethyl acetate

Hence 0.82 moles of acetic acid yields 0.82 moles of ethyl acetate

Hence ethanol is the limiting reactant.

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