Answer:
Cases : 2623 school children , Explanatory Variable : Greenery or Vegetation around school , Response Variable : Children's Memory & attention spans , Yes causation, Observational study
Step-by-step explanation:
a) Cases refers to the people or units of population studied in the research. In this case, it is sample of 2623 school children in Barcelona
b) Explanatory variable is variable which leads to, or causes the change in other variable. In this case, it is greenery or vegetation around researched students' schools
c) Response variable is the variable which is affected due to change in independent explanatory variable. In this case, it is children's working memory & attention spans
d) Yes, the headline implies causation. As it implies cause effect relationship of greenery around children's school on their working memory & attention spans.
e) It is an observational study, as it observes the variables relationship as it is, without any specific experimental intervention.