Translation in bacterial and eukaryotic cells has many similarities, but there are also several key differences. Which of the following is one of those differences that is seen in eukaryotes?

a. Translation and transcription are coupled.
b. Eukaryotic ribosomes are smaller with fewer proteins and RNA molecules.
c. Eukaryotes use the 5′ G-cap and Poly-A-tail on their mRNAs to initiate translation.
d. Eukartyotic mRNA contains a Shine—Dalgarno sequence that increases the efficiency of translation.

The statement 'eukaryotes use the 5′ G-cap and Poly-A-tail on their mRNAs to initiate translation' correctly describes one difference observed in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells (Option c).

In eukaryotes, the 5′ G-cap on the 5′ end of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is a Guanine nucleotide linked to mRNA trough 5′-5′ triphosphate linkage.

The poly Adenine tail (poly-A-tail) is a long sequence composed of repeated Adenine nucleotides in the 3' end of the mRNA.

Both 5′ cap and the poly-A-tail act to protect the mRNA transcript from exonuclease (enzymatic) degradation and initiate translation.

In conclusion, the statement 'eukaryotes use the 5′ G-cap and Poly-A-tail on their mRNAs to initiate translation' correctly describes one difference observed in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells (Option c).

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