Respuesta :
Answer:
a) 0.65 mpg
b) Between 24.99 mpg and 28.01 mpg.
Step-by-step explanation:
To solve this question, we need to understand the normal probability distribution and the central limit theorem.
Normal probability distribution
When the distribution is normal, we use the z-score formula.
In a set with mean [tex]\mu[/tex] and standard deviation [tex]\sigma[/tex], the zscore of a measure X is given by:
[tex]Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}[/tex]
The Z-score measures how many standard deviations the measure is from the mean. After finding the Z-score, we look at the z-score table and find the p-value associated with this z-score. This p-value is the probability that the value of the measure is smaller than X, that is, the percentile of X. Subtracting 1 by the pvalue, we get the probability that the value of the measure is greater than X.
Central Limit Theorem
The Central Limit Theorem estabilishes that, for a normally distributed random variable X, with mean [tex]\mu[/tex] and standard deviation [tex]\sigma[/tex], the sampling distribution of the sample means with size n can be approximated to a normal distribution with mean [tex]\mu[/tex] and standard deviation, which is also called standard error, [tex]s = \frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}[/tex].
For a skewed variable, the Central Limit Theorem can also be applied, as long as n is at least 30.
In this question, we have that:
[tex]\mu = 26.50, \sigma = 3.25, n = 25, s = \frac{3.25}{\sqrt{25}} = 0.65[/tex]
a. What is the standard error of X and the mean from a random sample of 25 fill-ups by one driver?
s = 0.65 mpg
b. Within what interval would you expect the sample mean to fall, with 98 percent probability?
From the: 50 - (98/2) = 1st percentile
To the: 50 + (98/2) = 99th percentile
1st percentile:
X when Z has a pvalue of 0.01. So X when Z = -2.327.
[tex]Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}[/tex]
By the Central Limit Theorem
[tex]Z = \frac{X - \mu}{s}[/tex]
[tex]-2.327 = \frac{X - 26.50}{0.65}[/tex]
[tex]X - 26.50 = -2.327*0.65[/tex]
[tex]X = 24.99[/tex]
99th percentile:
X when Z has a pvalue of 0.99. So X when Z = 2.327.
[tex]Z = \frac{X - \mu}{s}[/tex]
[tex]2.327 = \frac{X - 26.50}{0.65}[/tex]
[tex]X - 26.50 = 2.327*0.65[/tex]
[tex]X = 28.01[/tex]
Between 24.99 mpg and 28.01 mpg.
