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Answer:
Whenever a system in equilibrium gets disturbed, the adjustment of the system is done in such a manner that the effect of the change gets nullified, this is known as Le Chatelier's Principle. Let us consider that if a reaction present in an equilibrium gets disturbed by changing pressure, concentration, pressure, or other things, then the reaction will move in such a manner so that it can attain the equilibrium again.
Based on the given question, the equation is:
HF (aq) + H2O (l) ⇒ H3O+ (aq) + F- (aq)
a) When HCl is added, the dissociation of HCl takes place within the water to give rise to Cl- and H3O+ ions. One can witness an overall enhancement in the H3O+ ions concentration and the shifting of the equilibrium will take place in the backward direction based on the Le-Chatelier's principle. Thus, on adding HCl, the concentration of H3O+ and F- ions decreases, and the concentration of HF increases.
b) When the addition of a strong electrolyte like KF is done, the dissociation of KF is done into the F- and K+ ions. Thus, with the overall enhancement in the F- ions concentration, the shifting of equilibrium will take place in the backward direction based on the Le-Chatelier's principle. Thus, with the addition of KF, the concentration of H3O+ and F- ions decreases, and HF increases.
c) With the addition of strong electrolytes like NaCl in the solution, the dissociation of NaCl takes place into the Cl- and Na+ ions. With the addition of NaCl, the equilibrium is not disturbed as the ions exhibit no influence on the given equilibrium reaction. Thus, the concentration of H3O+, HF, and F- ions remains unmodified.
d) With the addition of KOH, the dissociation of KOH takes place into K+ and OH- ions. Based on Le-Chatelier's principle, the equilibrium will shift in the forward direction as the produced OH- ions will consume the hydronium ions. Therefore, the concentration of H3O+ and F- ions increases, while the concentration of HF decreases.
e) With the addition of HF, that is, a weak acid, the equilibrium will move in the forward direction to counter the change as the concentration of reactant increases. Therefore, the H3O+ and F- ions decreases, and the concentration of HF increases.
On adding HCl & KOH to the equilibrium concentration of hydronium ion changes, on adding KF concentration of fluoride ion changes, on adding NaCl no change occur and on adding HF concentration of both ion increases.
What is equilibrium law?
According to the equilibrium law whenever any stress is applied at the equilbrium state of chemical reaction, then the equilibrium will move on that direction where the effect of the applied stress will decreases.
Given chemical reaction is:
HF (aq) + H₂O (l) ⇄ H₃O⁺ (aq) + F⁻ (aq)
- If in the reaction HCl is added then it increases the concentration of H₃O⁺ as HCl will dissociate into H⁺ ion and Cl⁻ ion, so the equilibrium will shift towards the left side to maintain the concentration of H₃O⁺ ion.
- If KF is added in the reaction then it increases the concentration of F⁻ ion as HF will dissociates into H⁺ ion and F⁻ ion, so the equilibrium will shift towards the left side to maintain the concentration of F⁻ ion.
- On adding NaCl there is no change in the equilibrium as its dissociation doesn't change any concentration of the reaction.
- On adding KOH equilibrium will shift towards the right side, as the produced hydroxide ion will consume the hydronium ion to produce water.
- On adding HF reaction will move towards the right side to maintain the concentration of reactant.
Hence affect on the equilibrium was discussed above.
To know more about equilibrium law, visit the below link:
https://brainly.com/question/2943338
