The technique used by the artist to create the above portrait is cross-hatching.
What is cross-hatching?
A form of shading involves intersecting two sets of lines to give the impression of many values called cross-hatching. Cross-hatching is a procedure for creating the impression of texture or shade in drawings by sketching tiny parallel lines close together.
The second batch of hatching lines is typically drawn on top of the initial set, usually in a direction that is perpendicular to the first set or nearly so.
To create a good and genuine impression, artists draw in the orientation of the structure they are sketching. The color is made darker by adding more layers.
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