The correct answer is A. Pat hung her head without speaking a word.
Indirect characterization means that a character is described implicitly - the author did not directly say what a character is like, but rather we as readers have to infer based on their behavior and what they say. Therefore, C is incorrect because that is direct characterization; and B and D are incorrect because they are not characterization at all. Based on A, we can infer that Pat is sad or upset, which is why (s)he is described indirectly.
